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Pertama-tama kita semua harus setuju bahwa Nabi Ibrahim (Abraham) adalah bapak semua nabi, baik dari garis Yahudi atau pun Arab.
Jika kita setuju bahwa semua nabi tersebut adalah keturunan Nabi Ibrahim, kita semua harus setuju pula bahwa mereka sebagai nabi juga harus melakukan ritual yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Ibrahim, yaitu Haji. Ibadah haji selama ini sudah umum diketahui sebagai ibadahnya umat Islam. Tetapi, apakah sebelum Islam lahir, ibadah Haji ini sudah dilakukan?. Tentu sudah. Yang paling umum tentu kisah Tentara Abrahah yang hendak menghancurkan Ka'bah (Mekah) karena kota ini selalu ramai dikunjungi untuk beribadah. Sampai-sampai karena irinya, Abrahah yang berasal dari Yaman membuat Ka'bah tandingan. Dia bermaksud menandingi dengan membangun gereja di kota Shan’â’ yang kemudian dinamainya dengan, “Al-Qullays”. Gereja ini dibangun dengan megah dan dihias emas perak juga permata permata yang serba indah. Keinginannya hanya satu, agar para pelaku haji mau berpaling dari Makkah dan berziarah ke gereja Al Qullays.Di akhir kisah akhirnya Abrahah mendapat murka dari oleh karena tentaranya dihancurkan oleh Burung Ababil.
Dari keterangan diatas kita bisa menyimpulkan bahwa ziarah Haji masih berlangsung pada jaman pra Islam. Lalu apakah di Alkitab Injil berita tentang ibadah haji disebutkan?. Ayat-ayat Alkitab Injil yang paling mendekati dengan kegiatan Ibadah Haji adalah sebagai berikut:
Mazmur 84:2Jiwaku hancur karena merindukan pelataran-pelataran TUHAN; hatiku dan dagingku bersorak-sorai kepada Allah yang hidup.
Mazmur 84:4-7 Berbahagialah orang-orang yang diam di rumah-Mu, yang terus-menerus memuji-muji Engkau. Berbahagialah manusia yang kekuatannya di dalam Engkau, yang berhasrat mengadakan ziarah!. Apabila melintasi lembah Baka, mereka membuatnya menjadi tempat yang bermata air; bahkan hujan pada awal musim menyelubunginya dengan berkat. Mereka berjalan makin lama makin kuat, hendak menghadap Allah di Sion.
Dalam artikel (Disini) telah disebutkan bahwa rumah yang pertama kali dibangun untuk beribadah adalah yang di Bakah. Bakah adalah nama kuno dari Mekah. Dan di Mekah satu-satunya rumah ibadah yang pertama adalah Ka'bah. Dan di sekitar Ka'bah ada mata air Zam-zam.
Lembah Baka disebut juga Biqa (Orang Arab tidak mengenal vokal “e”, jadi nama yang benar (nama asli) bagi orang Arab Lebanon adalah Biqa, dan ditransliterasikan oleh orang Barat menjadi Beka/Beqaa, ed) atau Beqaa berada di Lebanon.
Dalam Bahasa Ibrani : Baka’ adalah turunan dari kata Bakah. Ernst Wurthwein mengatakan : “Bukan rahasia lagi bahwa selama berabad-abad teks Ibrani dari Perjanjian Lama berwujud sebagai teks konsonan (huruf mati) murni. Tanda-tanda vowel (vokal) tidak ditambahkan pada teks ini sampai tahap belakangan, ketika teks konsonan telah mapan (established) dengan sejarah transmisi yang panjang di baliknya……Teks konsonan yang dipelihara dalam manuskrip-manuskrip abad pertengahan dan yang merupakan dasar bagi edisi-edisi kita sekarang ini tarikhnya kembali pada kira-kira tahun 100 M. Sebagai bagian dari kebangkitan besar bangsa Yahudi yang menandai dekade-dekade setelah malapetaka tahun 70 M.”
Selain itu, Louis Cappel, ahli sarjana bahasa Ibrani, menyimpulkan bahwa tanda titik dan vokal (the vowel point) dan tekanan logat (accent) adalah bukan bagian dari Ibrani yang original, namun telah dimasukkan oleh Sarjana Yahudi Masoret dari Tiberias, sekurang-kurangnya abad 5 M…..)
Mezbah yang dibangun Nabi Ibrahim banyak tetapi Mezbah bukanlah Bait Allah. Karena Mezbah itu cuma tempat bakaran, sementara Bait adalah Rumah seperti yang disebut di Mazmur. Yang di Baka (Bakkah) adalah yang pertama. Itu terbukti sampai sekarang tempatnya masih didatangi jutaan orang karena penuh berkat.
Pegunungan Paran(Jabal Nur/Gunung Cahaya) merupakan Pegunungan Sarawat, di Hijaz, Arab Saudi bagian barat. Disini terdapat Gua Hira tempat nabi Muhammad pertama kali menerima wahyu.
Ulangan 33:2 Berkatalah ia: “TUHAN datang dari Sinai dan terbit kepada mereka dari Seir; Ia tampak bersinar (BERCAHAYA) dari pegunungan Paran dan datang dari tengah-tengah puluhan ribu orang yang kudus; di sebelah kanan-Nya tampak kepada mereka api yang menyala.
The Jewish Encylopedia menyatakan bahwa Baka dalam Mazmur 84 adalah daerah tandus yang kekurangan air dibandingkan lembah-lembah yang lain. Kata “Sion” dalam Mazmur 84, bukanlah Yerusalem, karena Yerusalem bukanlah wilayah tandus, lagipula Yerusalem adalah daerah tempat tinggal nabi Daud, sementara nabi Daud sedang sangat merindukan bait Allah di Baka, artinya Baka bukanlah Yerusalem maupun wilayah Palestina, melainkan tempat yang jauh sehingga membuat nabi Daud begitu merindukannya.
Menurut sebuah situs Disini arti dari Sion adalah sebagai berikut :
Because Zion was originally not Israeli, the name Zion comes to us probably from a language other than Hebrew. TWOTOT mentions an Arabic root s-w-n (under 1910), to protect, defend, which may give Zion the meaning of fortress. Others (says TWOTOT ) suggest derivation from a root saha, be bald.
Spelled the way it is, however, the name Zion is identical to the word Zion (sayon 1909b) meaning place of dryness, from the assumed root syh (syh 1909). Derivation syh (siya 1909a), dryness, drought, occurs in Psalm 105:41.
Karena Zion asal mulanya bukan dari Israel, nama Zion datang kemungkinan dari bahasa yang lebih tua dari Ibrani. TWOTOT menyebutkan sebuah akar huruf Arab s-w-n (sebelum 1910), untuk melindungi, bertahan, yang mungkin memberi arti Zion sebagai benteng. Yang lain (mengatakan TWOTOT) menyatakan sebagai derivasi dari akar saha, yang berarti gundul.
Bagaimanapun, dengan cara apapun dieja, namaZion identik dengan kata Zion (sayon 1909b) yang berarti tanah yang kekeringan, dari akar asumsi syh (syh 1909). Derivasi syh (siya 1909a), kekeringan, kering, terjadi di Mazmur 105:41
Mazmur 105:41Dibuka-Nya gunung batu, maka terpancarlah air, lalu mengalir di padang-padang kering seperti sungai;
Jadi Sion dalam Mazmur 84 mungkin merujuk sebuah tempat perkumpulan agama atau tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang kudus, Seperti halnya Makah dimana dalam ibadah haji orang-orang kudus datang kesana.
1 Samuel 25:1 Dan matilah Samuel; seluruh orang Israel berkumpul meratapi dia dan menguburkan dia di rumahnya di Rama. Dan Daud berkemas, lalu pergi ke padang gurun Paran.
Ayat ini menegaskan Daud pergi ke Gurun Paran. Lihat bagaimana Daud pergi dari Israel (Yerusalem) ke Gunung Paran (Arab) yang jauh. Hal ini sesuai kerinduan Daud akan Bait Allah di Baka (Bakkah). Di ayat lain Daud seperti sedang melakukan ritual Haji yaitu berwudhu dan melakukan tawaf (berjalan mengelilingi Ka'bah).
Mazmur 26:6 Aku membasuh tanganku tanda tak bersalah, lalu berjalan mengelilingi mezbah-Mu, ya TUHAN,
Mazmur 26:8 TUHAN, aku cinta pada rumah kediaman-Mu dan pada tempat kemuliaan-Mu bersemayam.
Mazmur 26:12 Kakiku berdiri di tanah yang rata; aku mau memuji TUHAN dalam jemaah.
Di ayat-ayat yang lain juga disebutkan beberapa kegiatan yang mirip persiapan Idul Adha sebagai puncak ibadah haji. Ayat-ayat tersebut yaitu :
Ulangan 12:5-6 Tetapi tempat yang akan dipilih TUHAN, Allahmu, dari segala sukumu sebagai kediaman-Nya untuk menegakkan nama-Nya di sana, tempat itulah harus kamu cari dan ke sanalah harus kamu pergi. Ke sanalah harus kamu bawa korban bakaran dan korban sembelihanmu, persembahan persepuluhanmu dan persembahan khususmu, korban nazarmu dan korban sukarelamu, anak-anak sulung lembu sapimu dan kambing dombamu..
Ulangan 12:10 Jangan kamu melakukan apapun yang kita lakukan di sini sekarang, yakni masing-masing berbuat segala sesuatu yang dipandangnya benar. Sebab hingga sekarang kamu belum sampai ke tempat perhentian dan ke milik pusaka yang diberikan kepadamu oleh TUHAN, Allahmu. Tetapi apabila nanti sudah kamu seberangi sungai Yordan dan kamu diam di negeri yang diberikan TUHAN, Allahmu, kepadamu untuk dimiliki, dan apabila Ia mengaruniakan kepadamu keamanan dari segala musuhmu di sekelilingmu, dan kamu diam dengan tenteram,
Ulangan 12:21 Apabila tempat yang akan dipilih TUHAN, Allahmu, untuk menegakkan nama-Nya di sana, terlalu jauh dari tempatmu, maka engkau boleh menyembelih dari lembu sapimu dan kambing dombamu yang diberikan TUHAN kepadamu, seperti yang kuperintahkan kepadamu, dan memakan dagingnya di tempatmu sesuka hatimu
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