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Pernah melihat pakaian toga ? atau jangan-jangan anda telah pernah menggunakannya ? sebenarnya seandainya ditinjau dari bentuknya, toga sangat tak modis serta keren. buktinya tak ada yang memakai pakaian ini untuk hangout ke mall bersama teman-teman serta biarpun toga bernuansa akademis, tetap saja tak ada yang memakai busana toga waktu menempuh kelas di perkuliahan. dapat terlihat aneh kelak terlihatnya.
Namun dikutip dari ide2gue.blogspot.com , biarpun bentuk toga tak modis dan keren, tetap saja, busana ini paling dinantikan untuk dipakai siapa saja yang masih menempuh ilmu di bangku perkuliahan. karena toga adalah pakaian resmi yang dipakai dalam seremoni atau upacara wisuda waktu kelulusan mahasiswa dari kuliah mereka. tak hanya itu, dibalik bentuknya yang aneh, toga juga mempunyai sejarah serta filsafat yang cukup panjang.
SEJARAH TOGA
Kata toga berasal dari tego, yg dalam bahasa latin bermakna penutup. biarpun umumnya dikaitkan dengan bangsa romawi, toga sesungguhnya berasal dari sejenis jubah yang dikenakan oleh pribumi italia, yaitu bangsa etruskan yang hidup di italia sejak 1200 sm. kala itu, bentuk toga belum berbentuk jubah, namun sebatas kain sepanjang 6 meter yg cara menggunakannya sebatas dililitkan ke tubuh. walau tak praktis, toga adalah satu-satunya pakaian yg dianggap pantas waktu seseorang berada diluar ruangan untuk menutupi tubuh mereka.
Sejarah toga sesudah itu berkembang di romawi waktu toga dijadikan busana orang-orang romawi. waktu itu toga adalah pakaian berupa sehelai mantel wol tebal yang dikenakan sesudah mengenakan cawat atau celemek. toga diyakini telah ada sejak era numapompilius, raja roma yang kedua. toga ditanggalkan bila pemakainya berada di dalam ruangan, atau bila melakukan pekerjaan berat di ladang, tetapi toga dianggap satu-satunya busana yang pantas bila berada di luar ruangan.
Perihal ini terbukti dalam sesuatu cerita cincinnatu yang adalah seorang petani, waktu ia masih membajak ladangnya, ia kedatangan para utusan senat dengan tujuan untuk mengabari dirinya telah dijadikan diktator atau penguasa. diceritakan dalam riwayat itu, begitu cincinnatu lihat mereka, dia serta merta menyuruh isterinya mengambilkan pakaian toganya dari tempat tinggal untuk dikenakannya hingga utusan-utusan itu bisa disambut dengan layak. cerita tentang cincinnatu ini sebenarnya belum dapat diuji validitasnya, namun hadirnya cerita itu justru semakin menunjukkan sentimen penghormatan bangsa romawi terhadap toga.
Seiring berjalannya waktu, pemakaian toga untuk busana sehari-hari perlahan mulai ditinggalkan. namun tidak bermakna toga hilang begitu saja. sebab sesudah itu bentuknya dimodifikasi menjadi sejenis jubah. akhirnya modifikasi itu mengangkat derajat toga dari pakaian sehari-hari menjadi pakaian resmi seremonial yang mana diantaranya yakni seremonial wisuda.
Di negeri barat, kostum kelulusan hanya disebut gown. Sementara topi berbentuk bujur sangkar disebut mortarboard. Ada juga yang menyebutnya “graduate cap” dan “black cap”.
Banyak peneliti meyakini mortarboard merupakan pengembangan dari biretta, yakni topi yang dikenakan oleh pendeta Katolik Roma. Biretta sendiri terinspirasi dari bahasa Italia “berretto” (berasal dari kata latin “birrus” dan Yunani “pyrros”). Di jaman Romawi sekitar abad 12 hingga 14, berretto sebagai ciri bagi kalangan pelajar akademik, seniman, dan humanis.
Walau demikian, paten mortarboard justru menjadi milik penemu dari Amerika Serikat, Edward O` Reilly dan imam Katolik, Joseph Durham di tahun 1950. Mungkin karena dibentuk bujursangkar, serta penambahan komponen seperti besi di dalam mortarboard sehingga lebih kokoh. Nyatanya, tak semua mortarboard dewasa ini memakai besi di dalamnya.
Sejak disahkannya paten tersebut, mortarboard dengan bentuk seperti yang kita lihat dewasa ini menjadi umum di seluas dunia. Penambahan komponen tali pada mortarboard pun diduga berasal dari tradisi orang Amerika. Di negara tersebut, semua jenis kelulusan dari tingkat sekolah dasar hingga SMA serta Universitas selalu memakai “gown” dan “mortarboard”.
FILOSOFI PAKAIAN DAN TOPI TOGA SAAT WISUDA
Toga pula memempunyai arti filosofis yang kental, salah satunya yakni arti warna hitam pada toga. mengapa toga justru memakai warna hitam yang sering diidentikkan dgn perihal yg misterius serta gelap. mengapa tidak warna putih yang menggambarkan kecerahan serta keindahan yang dipakai ? Ternyata pemilihan warna hitam gelap pada toga adalah simbolisasi yaitu misteri serta kegelapan telah berhasil dikalahkan sarjana waktu mereka menempuh pendidikan di bangku kuliahan, tak hanya itu sarjana pula diharapkan mampu menyibak kegelapan dgn ilmu pengetahuan yg selama ini didapat olehnya. warna hitam pula melambangkan keagungan, sebab itu, tak hanya sarjana, ada hakim serta separuh pemuka agama pula memakai warna hitam pada jubahnya.
tak hanya warna pada jubah toga yang memuat filosofi mendalam, ternyata ada pula arti filosofis dari bentuk persegi pada topi toga. sudut-sudut persegi pada topi toga menyimbolkan yaitu seorang sarjana dituntut untuk berpikir rasional serta memandang segala sesuatu hal dari beraneka sudut pandang.
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