Terungkap! Harta Karun di Aceh Ini Muncul Usai Tsunami, Jumlahnya Melebih Milik Arab Saudi

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Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) menemukan cadangan minyak dan gas (migas) 230 miliar barel di Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh.

Cadangan migas yang sangat besar itu muncul pascatsunami dahsyat menerjang Aceh.

Hal itu diungkapkan anggota Komisi VII Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) RI, Mukhtar Tompo, di Makassar, Kamis (2/11/2017).’

Disebutkan Mukhtar, potensi migas tersebut mengalahkan cadangan migas Arab Saudi yang diperkirakan mencapai 220 miliar barel.

”Pas raker dengan kami, BPPT membuka potensi migas ini (230 miliar) di Simeuleu, Aceh. Kami kaget karena ini lebih tinggi dari cadangan minyak Arab Saudi,” ujarnya di Makassar, Kamis (2/11/2017).

Dia menjelaskan, cadangan migas ini merupakan misteri alam. Sebab, munculnya setelah peristiwa tsunami pada 2004 lalu.

Menurutnya, saat terjadinya tsunami, lempengan-lempengan bumi yang mengandung migas berputar dan masuk ke wilayah Aceh.

”Tsunami bukan hanya berdampak ke kesusahan di Aceh tetapi menjadi berkah ke sektor migas,” jelasnya.

Untuk itu, dia meminta BPPT dan Kementerian ESDM menindaklanjuti temuan ini.

Alasannya, cadangan ini harus digarap maksimal, sehingga dapat mendorong peningkatan produksi migas nasional.

”Usai reses atau bulan ini, kita panggil BPPT, ESDM dan Pertamina untuk mengkaji temuan ini lebih lanjut,” tandasnya.

Sebelumnya Kepala BPPT Said Jenie, menjelaskan, temuan yang didapati di daerah cekungan busur muka setelah melakukan survei seismik di perairan barat Aceh dalam kedalaman 500-800 meter dari dasar laut yang mempunyai kedalamam 1.100 meter, mendapati perkiraan volume cadangan antara 17,1-10 miliar kubik.

“Bila diketahui 1 meter kubik cadangan 6,29 barel, volume total minimumnya adalah 107,5 miliar barel dan volume maksimum 320,79 miliar barel,” jelasnya.

Menurut Direktur Pusat Teknologi Inventarisasi BPPT Yusuf Surahman, penemuan cadangan migas tersebut ditemukan pada porositas 30%. Porositas adalah potensi batuan mengikat minyak.

Biasanya, kata dia, dari potensi cadangan tersebut, kandungan minyaknya hanya 15%.

“Dengan demikian, cadangan minyaknya diperkirakan bisa sampai 53 miliar barel,” ungkapnya.

Said menambahkan, penemuan ini sudah dilaporkan kepada Presiden untuk ditindaklanjuti.

Sejauh ini, kata dia, sudah ada penawaran untuk melakukan studi lanjutan dari PT Pertamina (persero).

“Namun, hingga saat ini belum ada tanggapan dari Dirjen Migas Departemen ESDM,” kata Said.

Pengamat perminyakan dari Exploration Think Thank Indonesia Andang Bachtiar menyatakan, setidaknya memerlukan waktu tiga tahun untuk membuktikan cadangan minyak ini.

“Untuk biaya seismik ini saya perkirakan bisa US$5 juta-10 juta,” ujarnya.

Apabila cadangan minyak di Aceh ini memang terbukti, maka dapat dikatakan cadangan ini yang terbesar di dunia.

Sebagai perbandingan, jumlah cadangan terbukti untuk Arab Saudi sebesar 264,21 miliar barel dan jumlah cadangan untuk lapangan Banyu Urip, Cepu adalah sekitar 450 juta barel.

Lapangan migas dapat dikategorikan sebagai lapangan raksasa apabila volume cadangan terhitung mencapai 500 juta barel.

Diincar tsunami

Indonesia dikenal sebagai daerah yang rawan gempa.

Salah satu penyebabnya, Indonesia merupakan salah satu titik tempat bertemunya lempeng Eurasia, Pasifik, dan Australia. Daerah yang paling rawan dilanda gempa adalah Pulau Sumatera.

Sumatera juga dilintasi sesar Semangko yang membujur dari ujung utara Sumatera di Aceh hingga Sumatera bagian Selatan di Lampung.

Kondisi tersebut mengonfirmasi seringnya gempa di wilayah Sumatera dengan kekuatan 7 SR-9 SR. Jumlah nyawa dan harta tak terhitung lagi.

Gempa berskala 9,3 SR yang menghantam Aceh, 26 Desember 2004, merupakan salah satu contoh gempa terbesar selama 48 tahun terakhir yang terjadi di Sumatera karena pertemuan lempeng tersebut.

Gempa yang disusul tsunami itu, getarannya terasa sampai Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Maladewa, Banglades, Thailand, dan Somalia.

PBB mencatat 186.983 orang tewas akibat gempa dan tsunami itu. Adapun Geological Survey Amerika Serikat menyatakan, korban tewas 283.100 jiwa. Korban yang berada di Indonesia, utamanya Aceh, mencapai 160.000 jiwa.

Kerusakan parah terjadi di Banda Aceh. Khusus di Simeulue sebanyak 13.022 bangunan berupa rumah, gedung sekolah, dan rumah ibadah rusak.

Secara geografis, Pulau Simeulue merupakan pulau terdepan yang berderet dengan Nias, Mentawai, dan Pagai menghadap Samudra India. Saat tsunami menggulung, pulau-pulau inilah yang paling awal dihantam.

Saat tsunami tahun 2004, tujuh korban tewas di Simeulue. Tanpa mengecilkan arti nyawa, jumlah tujuh jiwa itu terlampau sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan ratusan ribu jiwa lainnya di daerah lain.

Mengapa jumlah korban begitu minim? Apa kunci masyarakat Simeulue untuk menghindar dari amukan tsunami?

Tak lain adalah kearifan lokal tentang smong. Orang Simeulue menyebut ombak besar dengan kata smong. Kata ini juga merujuk pada tsunami atau gulungan ombak besar yang pernah menghancurkan desa di Simeulue pada ratusan tahun lalu.

Cerita smong diduga mulai muncul setelah tsunami besar tahun 1907 di Simeulue.

Warga Simeulue kemudian memelihara cerita tentang smong ini secara turun-temurun dan secara lisan sebagai ajaran hidup: jangan sampai sanak keluarga tewas digulung smong.

Dalam cerita itu disebutkan, ketika gempa datang, disusul air laut surut, maka warga sebaiknya segera pergi ke dataran tinggi atau perbukitan.

“Karena itu tanda smong segera datang. Gelombang besar yang akan merusak rumah dan membunuh warga,” jelas Akil Rozha, warga Simeulue.

Diwariskan melalui cerita, lagu, dan belakangan masuk ke kurikulum sekolah dasar dalam bentuk muatan lokal. Selain belajar dari buku, para siswa dilibatkan dalam simulasi menghadapi gempa.

Jalur evakuasi

Cerita smong sebagai pegangan mitigasi bencana memang efektif. Namun, itu saja belum cukup untuk melindungi warga dari bencana.

Untuk itu, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Simeulue berencana membangun 16 selter tersebar di setiap kecamatan. Selter yang dibangun di perbukitan dengan ketinggian 30 meter sampai 50 meter dari permukaan air laut dirancang mampu menampung sampai 500 orang. Dana yang dibutuhkan mencapai Rp 37 miliar.

“Tujuannya agar warga tidak kehujanan atau kepanasan saat menyelamatkan diri,” kata Jamal Abdi, Kabid Pencegahan dan Kesiapsiagaan BPBD Simeulue.

Selama ini warga mengevakuasi keluarganya melalui jalur alami dan tradisional yang tidak semuanya mulus untuk dilalui. Apalagi menggunakan kendaraan bermotor yang bisa memicu kemacetan. Untuk itu, akan dibuat tanda khusus agar warga bisa memilih jalur yang layak.

“Sebenarnya mereka perlu dilatih, tetapi dananya belum cukup,” ujar Abdi.(Kompas.com/Tribun Medan)

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