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Paradigma kemenangan sering kali didefinisikan secara sempit sebagai sebuah hasil akhir yang diharapkan dalam mencapai sebuah tujuan. Sehingga nilai kemenangan selalu disetarakan dengan sisi-sisi yang bersifat materiil atau dapat dirasakan langsung. Padahal sebenarnya tidak selalu demikian. Persepsi ini sering dipahami oleh sebagian kelompok yang menganut paham materialistis.  Sehingga ketika tujuan tidak tercapai dalam waktu yang telah direncanakan, maka sudah divonis sebagai sebuah kegagalan.

Semoga kita tidak terjebak dengan persepsi sempit seperti di atas. Sebab, Kemenangan dalam perspektif Islam tidak mutlak diukur dengan tercapainya sebuah tujuan dalam waktu yang diinginkan. Maka, peristiwa hijrah menurut persepsi penulis adalah pelajaran berharga yang harus dipahami oleh setiap individu muslim dalam memahami ruang lingkup kesuksesan yang sebenarnya.

Mari kita coba sedikit menganalisa fase dakwah Rasulullah saw selama 13 tahun di Mekah sebagai bahan renungan kita terhadap persepsi ‘menang’. Karena begitu banyak peristiwa berharga yang dialami Rasulullah dan para sahabat selama di Mekah, yang jika dirasionalisasikan pada saat itu terkesan sebagai sebuah kegagalan.

Suatu hari, ketika Rasulullah saw menyampaikan risalah Islam di Thaif, beliau menghadapi tantangan yang luar biasa. Bukan sambutan hangat yang beliau dapat, tapi sebaliknya beliau mengalami luka yang cukup parah. Tapi bagaimana sikap Rasulullah? Ia hanya mengucapkan satu kata “Allahummahdi Qaumiy fainnahum laa ya’lamun”. Padahal ketika itu Jibril datang menawarkan, jika Rasulullah berdoa kepada Allah untuk membalikkan gunung-gunung yang ada dan dilemparkan kepada kaum musyrikin Thaif maka malaikat Jibril akan melakukan hal tersebut. Sikap ini sangat  sulit  untuk kita rasionalisasikan, akan  tetapi mengandung nilai kemenangan yang baru terbukti dan dirasakan beberapa tahun setelah peristiwa itu terjadi.

Banyak kisah sebenarnya yang dapat dijadikan pelajaran penting dalam memahami makna sukses dari perjalanan dakwah Rasulullah baik pada fase Mekah ataupun setelah beliau hijrah ke Madinah. Tapi mengapa peristiwa hijrah begitu besar pengaruhnya dalam proses perjalanan dakwah Rasulullah saw? Benarkah kesimpulan yang mengatakan bahwa hijrah merupakan momen “Fatihatun Nashr” kemenangan-kemenangan Islam pada fase berikutnya? Atau apakah prasyarat keberhasilan itu harus selalu dimulai dengan hijrah?

Memahami Makna Hijrah

Secara etimologi, hijrah berarti meninggalkan, atau berpindah dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Lalu Makna yang kedua ini sering dipakai dalam mendefinisikan hijrah secara terminologi. Tidak sulit untuk memberikan definisi terhadap peristiwa hijrah yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah. Karena secara sederhana hijrah adalah perpindahan Rasulullah dan para sahabat dari Mekah ke Madinah.  Namun yang terpenting adalah memahami nilai-nilai hijrah itu sendiri untuk diterapkan pada tataran kehidupan kekinian.

Tak dapat diragukan lagi, peristiwa hijrah merupakan titik awal perubahan besar yang akan terjadi sesudahnya. Hijrah telah melepaskan kaum muslimin dari cengkraman jeruji kejahiliyahan dan tekanan kaum musyrikin Mekah. Di samping itu hijrah juga merupakan batas pemisah antara dua masa yang sangat berarti dalam perjalanan dakwah dan penerapan syariat, yaitu yang dikenal dengan fase Makkiy dan fase Madaniy. Sehingga dikenallah istilah surat Makiyah dan surat Madaniyah dalam Al Quran.

Banyak ujian dan cobaan yang telah dihadapi oleh Rasulullah dan para sahabat sebelum diizinkan untuk berhijrah. Sumayyah ibunda ‘Ammar bin Yasir merupakan orang pertama dalam Islam yang syahid dalam Islam ketika mempertahankan keyakinannya. Lalu mengapa Allah baru mengizinkan hijrah kepada Rasulullah dan para sahabatnya setelah 13 tahun fase dakwah di Mekah? Walaupun sebelumnya, telah terjadi peristiwa hijrah pertama ke bumi Habsyah. Bukankah Allah swt bisa berbuat sekehendaknya untuk memberikan kemudahan dan kemenangan kepada Rasulullah saw dan para sahabat?

Di antara salah satu hikmah yang utama dari proses dakwah fase Mekah ini adalah proses selektifitas kader dakwah yang betul-betul matang untuk melanjutkan estafet dakwah menuju fase-fase berikutnya. Karena jika Allah membukakan kemenangan secara mudah kepada kaum muslimin, maka kemenangan itu tidak akan terasa manis karena didapat dengan begitu mudah dan ketahanannya pun cenderung tidak bertahan lama. Maka ketika pertama kali dakwah dimulai, seiring itu pula terjadi proses latihan dan penyaringan yang sangat selektif dan alami. Dan ternyata, mereka inilah yang pada akhirnya berhasil menjadi busur sekaligus anak panah perkembangan Islam menuju puncak kejayaannya.

Setelah kita memahami makna hijrah yang sesungguhnya, sebagai sebuah proses yang mau tidak mau harus dijalani setiap individu muslim agar bisa mewujudkan kemenangan maka kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa jika setiap muslim mampu melakukan hijrah niscaya ia akan menang. Tentu hijrah yang dilakukan Rasulullah dan para sahabat tidak dimaknai secara literlek yang harus kita terapkan saat ini. Kenapa? Karena Rasulullah saw sendiri sudah menyatakan “La Hijrata Ba’dal fath walakin Jihadun waniyyah” (sudah tidak ada hijrah setelah terbuka pintu kemenangan (Fath Makkah), Akan tetapi masih tersisa jihad dan niat untuk berhijrah. Sebagian ulama menafsirkan niat di sini adalah sebagai sebuah perpindahan dari kehidupan yang jauh dari nilai-nilai ilahi menuju kehidupan yang penuh dengan nilai-nilai rabbani.

Mengapa Hijrah Sebagai Pembuka Kemenangan?

Dari peristiwa hijrah kubro yang dilalui Nabi dan para sahabat, ada beberapa indikasi yang dijadikan faktor utama kemenangan dakwah. Faktor–faktor ini dapat kita lihat dari beberapa pelajaran dan ibrah yang kita ambil dari rentetan peristiwa hijrah itu sendiri. Di antaranya adalah:

1.  Sabar Dalam Menghadapi Makar Musuh

Begitu banyak rekaman sejarah dalam Al-Qur’an maupun sunnah yang menggambarkan permusuhan abadi kaum kufar dan musyrikin terhadap Islam dan kaum muslimin. Permusuhan ini biasanya disertai makar yang senantiasa mencoba untuk menggoyahkan keimanan dengan menggunakan segala daya dan upaya. Banyak cara yang mereka gunakan, baik dengan menawarkan harta dan kesenangan ataupun dengan siksaan demi siksaan. Nah, di sinilah sabar merupakan tameng awal dan jawaban dari semua itu. Sebab, sabar dalam perspektif Islam tidak kenal batas. Sabar dapat diterapkan dalam ketaatan, menghindari maksiat, dan bersabar dalam menghadapi musibah.

Rasulullah adalah orang pertama yang menerapkan sabar, bahkan ketika maut hampir menghampirinya ketika berdakwah dijalan Allah, ia hanya berkata “Allahummahdi qaumi fainnahum la ya’lamun”. Subhanallah! Rasulullah tidak tergesa-gesa mengejar kemenangan, dan sikap ini juga yang terpatri dalam jiwa setiap sahabat. Kesabaran inilah yang telah melahirkan semangat jihad dan semakin menambah keyakinan mereka bahwa jalan yang mereka tempuh penuh dengan cahaya. Sikap sabar ini juga melahirkan pribadi yang istiqamah dan tidak mudah goyah.  Maka sabar merupakan sebuah prasyarat mutlak dalam meniti tangga-tangga keberhasilan.

2. Al Akhzu bil asbab

Etos kerja ataupun usaha tidak boleh diabaikan begitu saja. Artinya, seluruh potensi harus dikerahkan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi yang melingkupi saat itu. Rasulullah adalah contoh tauladan sebagai seorang sosok yang tak mudah menyerah dengan hanya mengandalkan satu cara. Ia selalu berfikir dan berbuat dengan amal yang sangat variatif agar dakwah mudah diterima dan cepat berkembang. Segala kreativitas dan inovasi dakwah beliau kerahkan. Gagal dengan satu cara beliau memanfaatkan metode lain. Sehingga beliau tidak pernah putus asa. Ini merupakan konsep membangun motivasi yang sangat jitu.

Ketika dakwah beliau di kota Mekah dan perkampungan sekitarnya tidak begitu mendapatkan sambutan yang positif. Beliau melihat ada potensi lain yang bisa dilakukan, yaitu mendakwahi para kabilah yang datang dari luar kota Mekah pada musim-musim haji. Pertemuan ini dilakukan Rasulullah di luar kota Mekah bersama kaum Auz dan Khazraj tepatnya di daerah yang bernama al ‘aqabah dan dalam catatan sejarah dikenal dengan bai’atul aqabah al ula. Perwakilan kaum Auz dan Khazraj terdiri dari 12 orang yang telah menyatakan keislaman mereka. Kreativitas dakwah Rasulullah tidak terhenti sampai di situ saja, lalu ia mengutus Mus’ab bin ‘Umair yang dikenal sebagai duta Islam pertama untuk kembali ke Yatsrib bersama kaum Auz dan Khazraj.

Peristiwa ini, pada akhirnya merupakan cikal bakal peristiwa hijrah beberapa tahun sesudahnya. Dan setelah terjadi kesepakatan antara kaum muslimin mekah dan Yatsrib ketika itu bahwa pusat dakwah akan dipindahkan dari Mekah ke Madinah, maka mulailah para sahabat melakukan hijrah sampai pada akhirnya diikuti oleh Rasulullah ketika telah turun wahyu yang mengizinkan beliau untuk hijrah. Momen ini sangat punya peran penting terhadap pertumbuhan dakwah dan akumulasi koalisi kekuatan Islam pada masa berikutnya.

3. Sistem Yang Rapi Prasyarat Kemenangan

Rentetan peristiwa hijrah, yang mungkin sebagian besar bahkan sudah sangat hafal, mengisyaratkan bahwa sebuah pekerjaan besar harus menggunakan sistem serta manajemen yang tertata rapi. Adanya pembagian tugas serta perencanaan yang sistematis dan matang, dan masing-masing individu memahami posisinya sehingga tidak terjadi benturan tugas yang akhirnya berakibat kepada proses sebuah rencana itu sendiri. Kita harus mampu memposisikan the right man on the right place.

Rasulullah adalah sosok yang brilian dalam menyusun strategi dan manajemen. Dengan kecerdasannya, ia dibantu Abu bakar dan sahabat lain telah berhasil mensukseskan perjalanan hijrah dengan selamat dan tanpa pertumpahan darah ataupun benturan fisik.

Namun ironis, tatanan sistem yang kokoh dan manajemen yang rapi telah hilang dari dunia Islam dan bahkan sudah diadopsi oleh Barat. Bahkan lebih dari itu, umat Islam seolah mengaminkan saja bahwa Islam tidak pernah kenal dengan konsep sistem dan manajemen yang rapi.

Kemenangan selamanya tidak akan bisa diraih hanya dengan mengandalkan semangat bekerja saja, akan tetapi harus dibarengi dengan membangun sistem dan manajemen yang komprehensif. Di samping itu perlu adanya kejelian melihat situasi dan kondisi. Jangan sampai kita kehilangan daya kreativitas karena alasan lingkungan dan kondisi yang ada di sekitar kita. Kelemahan fatal diri  kita adalah ketika kita tidak lagi mengenal diri kita. Jika hal itu terjadi, maka secanggih apapun sistem dan manajemen yang dibangun maka akan berakhir sia-sia.

4. Membangun Stabilitas Sosial

Pertama kali yang dilakukan Rasulullah saw di Madinah atau tepatnya di qubah adalah membangun Masjid. Dalam perspektif Islam, masjid tidak sebatas sebagai tempat ibadah vertikal antara hamba dan Rabb-Nya. Akan tetapi Masjid juga bisa berfungsi sebagai tempat menata kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Karena Islam dengan tegas mengakui bahwa manusia terdiri dari dua sisi yang harus selalu seimbang, yaitu materiil dan sprituil.

Setelah sarana dibangun, maka Rasulullah berfikir perlu adanya pembangunan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia untuk menjalankan fungsi dalam sebuah sistem kehidupan yang baru. Maka nabi segera mengambil inisiatif untuk mempersaudarakan antara kaum Muhajirin dan Anshar. Sebab, persaudaraan ini akan mempercepat proses perubahan sosial di tengah komunitas masyarakat. Kaum Muhajirin yang lebih memiliki skil dalam sistem perdagangan kembali menghidupkan pasar, dan bahkan dalam sejarah tercatat bahwa Rasulullah adalah orang pertama yang membangun pasar sebagai pusat ekonomi di Madinah. Kaum Anshar pun tetap dalam profesi mereka semula sebagai petani yang lebih spesifik mengurus pertanian.

Dalam proses selanjutnya, karena persaudaraan yang Rasul bina berdasarkan nilai keimanan dan keikhlasan, secara alami dan bertahap mulai tercipta takaful ijtima’iy (solidaritas sosial) di antara komunitas sosial yang sangat plural di kota Madinah. Bahkan nilai ukhuwah itu tercatat indah dalam berbagai kisah mengharu biru bagaimana ketika saad bin rabi’ menawarkan harta dan salah satu istrinya untuk diberikan kepada Abdurrahman bin Auf. Namun akhirnya Abdurrahman bin Auf lebih memilih untuk memulai kehidupan barunya sebagai pedagang dan menolak secara halus tawaran saudaranya, sampai akhirnya ia berhasil menjadi saudagar yang berhasil.

Stabilitas sosial yang mapan akan menjadi faktor pendukung terbukanya pintu-pintu kemenangan dan kejayaan. Hal itu terbukti ketika kaum muslimin memenangkan perang Ahzab. Peperangan dengan jumlah tidak seimbang ini mampu dimenangkan oleh kaum muslimin, tidak terlepas dari stabilitas sosial yang telah Rasulullah bina. Sehingga para sahabat begitu memahami nilai ukhuwah dan amal jama’iy (kerja kolektif) yang akhirnya mampu memukul mundur koalisi pasukan musuh.  Pada perang Khandaq ini juga Rasulullah memberikan kabar gembira kepada para sahabat yang beliau dapatkan dari Malaikat Jibril, bahwa setelah perang ini usai akan terjadi penaklukan besar-besaran di dataran Syam, Persia dan Yaman.

Kemenangan demi kemenangan mampu diraih kaum muslimin sehingga berhasil menguasai dua pertiga luas bumi di bawah naungan Islam selama lebih kurang delapan abad. Kemenangan itu tidak terwujud dengan mudah, tapi butuh waktu yang panjang dan pengorbanan tak terkira. Rahasia kemenangan ini sangat sederhana; sebagaimana dalam firman Allah In tanshurullah yanshurukum wayutsabbit aqdamakum”.

Dunia Islam kini tak secerah masa lalu. Sepertinya kita perlu merapikan kembali hubungan kita dengan Allah. Sudahkah kita menolong Allah? Sehingga Allah pun akan menolong kita. Kita selalu ingin menang, tapi sayang kita tak pernah kenal persepsi menang yang sesungguhnya. Wallahu a’lam.

Sumber: dakwatuna.com

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