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Lion Air kembali kehilangan satu pesawatnya ketika tercebur di laut 50 meter sebelum landasan di bandara Ngurah Rai Denpasar. Padahal ini pesawat terbaru, baru beroperasi sebulan! Pilotnya juga senior, sudah mengantongi lebih dari 10.000 jam terbang. Apakah pilotnya kelelahan karena tekanan manajemen? Sehebat apapun pilot dan pesawat, tetapi kalau dipaksa kejar setoran karena tuntutan pasar yang sangat tinggi – sementara kelangkaan pilot di Indonesia belum teratasi, maka bisa saja berakibat kecelakaan yang fatal. Tetapi bisa juga ada faktor kesalahan instrumentasi di darat atau gejolak cuaca lokal, misalnya tekanan angin tiba-tiba yang membuat pesawat gagal mencapai landas pacu (istilahnya “undershoot”).
Tetapi bicara dunia penerbangan, orang sering salah menjawab bila ditanya siapa manusia pertama yang mengudara. Mayoritas menjawab Oliver & Wilber Wright dari Amerika Serikat yang terbang pada tahun 1900. Padahal mereka hanya menyempurnakan bentuk sayap dan menambahkan mesin pada bangun pesawat yang sudah lama dikenal. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) dari Italia dan Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896) dari Jerman telah mendahuluinya.
Tetapi ternyata jauh sebelumnya semua sudah didahului oleh seorang Muslim, Abbas ibn Firnas (810-887) dari Andalusia. Sejarawan Phillip K. Hitti menulis dalam History of the Arabs, “Ibn Firnas was the first man in history to make a scientific attempt at flying.”
Sebagaimana banyak ilmuwan Muslim di zamannya, Ibnu Firnas adalah seorang polymath, yaitu menekuni berbagai ilmu sekaligus: kimia, fisika, kedokteran, astronomi, dan dia juga sastra. Dia menemukan berbagai teknologi seperti jam air (jam yang dikendalikan oleh aliran air yang stabil), gelas tak berwarna, lensa baca, alat pemotong batu kristal hingga peralatan simulasi cuaca yang konon juga mampu menghasilkan petir buatan, meski masih teka-teki bagaimana Ibnu Firnas menghasilkan listriknya. Namun di antara semua penemuannya, yang paling spektakuler dan dianggap salah satu tonggak sejarah adalah alat terbang buatannya.
Alat terbang Ibnu Firnas adalah sejenis ornithopter, yakni alat terbang yang menggunakan prinsip kepakan sayap seperti pada burung, kelelawar atau serangga. Dia mencoba alatnya ini dari pertama-tama dari sebuah menara masjid di Cordoba pada tahun 852 M. Dia terbang dengan dua sayap. Ibnu Firnas sempat terjatuh. Untung dia melengkapi diri dengan baju khusus yang dapat menahan laju jatuhnya. Baju khusus ini adalah cikal bakal parasut.
Tahun 875 M, pada usianya yang sudah 65 tahun dia melakukan percobaan terbangnya yang terakhir, menggunakan pesawat layang yang merupakan cikal bakal gantole. Percobaan kali itu dilakukan dari menara di gunung Jabal al-‘Arus dekat Cordoba dan disaksikan banyak orang yang antusias dengan percobaan-percobaan Ibnu Firnas selama itu, meski sebagian menyangka Ibnu Firnas gila dan mengkhawatirkan keselamatannya.
Saksi mata menyebutkan bahwa dia berhasil terbang, melakukan manuver, dan menempuh jarak terbang yang cukup signifikan. Namun sayang dia gagal mendarat ke tempatnya dengan mulus sehingga mengalami cedera parah di punggungnya. Ibnu Firnas meninggal 12 tahun kemudian yakni pada tahun 887 M.
Sebagai penghormatan pada Ibnu Firnas, sebuah lapangan terbang di Baghdad Utara dinamai Ibnu Firnas Airport. Spanyol memberi nama sebuah jembatan besar di Sevilla Abbas ibnu Firnas Bridge. Dan NASA menamai sebuah kawah di bulan dengan nama Ibnu Firnas Crater.
Namun usaha Ibnu Firnas bukanlah usaha ilmuwan Muslim yang terakhir. Pada tahun 1630-1632 M, Hezarfen Ahmad Celebi di Turki berhasil menyeberangi selat Bosporus di Istanbul. Ahmad melompat dari menara Galata yang tingginya 55 meter dan berhasil terbang dengan pesawat layangnya sejauh kira-kira 3 kilometer serta mendarat dengan selamat.
Usaha meraih teknologi aeronautika ini sejalan dengan tantangan Allah di surat Ar-Rahman, “Hai jamaah jin dan manusia, jika kamu sanggup melintasi penjuru langit dan bumi, maka lintasilah, kamu tidak dapat menembusnya kecuali dengan kekuatan”. (Qs. 55:33)
Dan surat al-Anfaal, ”Dan siapkanlah untuk menghadapi mereka kekuatan apa saja yang kamu sanggupi dan dari kuda-kuda yang ditambat untuk berperang (yang dengan persiapan itu) kamu menggetarkan musuh Allah, musuhmu dan orang-orang selain mereka yang kamu tidak mengetahuinya; sedang Allah mengetahuinya. Apa saja yang kamu nafkahkan pada jalan Allah niscaya akan dibalas dengan cukup kepadamu dan kamu tidak akan dianiaya”. (Qs. 8:60)
Teknologi penerbangan beserta seluruh turunannya seperti teknologi roket untuk membawa manusia hingga ke ruang angkasa wajib dikembangkan karena ini dapat merupakan faktor penentu dalam jihad fi sabilillah.(mediaumat)
Alat terbang Ibnu Firnas adalah sejenis ornithopter, yakni alat terbang yang menggunakan prinsip kepakan sayap seperti pada burung, kelelawar atau serangga. Dia mencoba alatnya ini dari pertama-tama dari sebuah menara masjid di Cordoba pada tahun 852 M. Dia terbang dengan dua sayap. Ibnu Firnas sempat terjatuh. Untung dia melengkapi diri dengan baju khusus yang dapat menahan laju jatuhnya. Baju khusus ini adalah cikal bakal parasut.
Tahun 875 M, pada usianya yang sudah 65 tahun dia melakukan percobaan terbangnya yang terakhir, menggunakan pesawat layang yang merupakan cikal bakal gantole. Percobaan kali itu dilakukan dari menara di gunung Jabal al-‘Arus dekat Cordoba dan disaksikan banyak orang yang antusias dengan percobaan-percobaan Ibnu Firnas selama itu, meski sebagian menyangka Ibnu Firnas gila dan mengkhawatirkan keselamatannya.
Saksi mata menyebutkan bahwa dia berhasil terbang, melakukan manuver, dan menempuh jarak terbang yang cukup signifikan. Namun sayang dia gagal mendarat ke tempatnya dengan mulus sehingga mengalami cedera parah di punggungnya. Ibnu Firnas meninggal 12 tahun kemudian yakni pada tahun 887 M.
Sebagai penghormatan pada Ibnu Firnas, sebuah lapangan terbang di Baghdad Utara dinamai Ibnu Firnas Airport. Spanyol memberi nama sebuah jembatan besar di Sevilla Abbas ibnu Firnas Bridge. Dan NASA menamai sebuah kawah di bulan dengan nama Ibnu Firnas Crater.
Namun usaha Ibnu Firnas bukanlah usaha ilmuwan Muslim yang terakhir. Pada tahun 1630-1632 M, Hezarfen Ahmad Celebi di Turki berhasil menyeberangi selat Bosporus di Istanbul. Ahmad melompat dari menara Galata yang tingginya 55 meter dan berhasil terbang dengan pesawat layangnya sejauh kira-kira 3 kilometer serta mendarat dengan selamat.
Usaha meraih teknologi aeronautika ini sejalan dengan tantangan Allah di surat Ar-Rahman, “Hai jamaah jin dan manusia, jika kamu sanggup melintasi penjuru langit dan bumi, maka lintasilah, kamu tidak dapat menembusnya kecuali dengan kekuatan”. (Qs. 55:33)
Dan surat al-Anfaal, ”Dan siapkanlah untuk menghadapi mereka kekuatan apa saja yang kamu sanggupi dan dari kuda-kuda yang ditambat untuk berperang (yang dengan persiapan itu) kamu menggetarkan musuh Allah, musuhmu dan orang-orang selain mereka yang kamu tidak mengetahuinya; sedang Allah mengetahuinya. Apa saja yang kamu nafkahkan pada jalan Allah niscaya akan dibalas dengan cukup kepadamu dan kamu tidak akan dianiaya”. (Qs. 8:60)
Teknologi penerbangan beserta seluruh turunannya seperti teknologi roket untuk membawa manusia hingga ke ruang angkasa wajib dikembangkan karena ini dapat merupakan faktor penentu dalam jihad fi sabilillah.(mediaumat)
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